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Evolutionary Biology (Paperback, 1988 ed.)
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Evolutionary Biology (Paperback, 1988 ed.)
Series: Evolutionary Biology, 23
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Evolutionary Biology,ofwhichthisisthetwenty-thirdvolume,continues
toofferitsreadersawiderangeoforiginalarticles,reviews,andcom-
mentariesonevolution,inthebroadestsenseofthatterm. Thetopicsof
thereviewsrangefromanthropology,molecularevolution,andpaleo-
biologytoprinciplesofsystematics.
Inrecentvolumes,abroadspectrumofarticleshaveappearedon
suchsubjectsasbiochemicalsystematics,comparativemorphologyand
embryology,evolutionaryecology,biogeography,andpaleobiology. We
havealsoattemptedtoprovideaforumforconflictingideas. Articlessuch
asthese,oftentoolongforstandardjournals,arethematerialfor Evo-
lutionary Biology.
Theeditorscontinuetosolicitmanuscriptsonaninternationalscale
inanefforttoseethateveryoneofthemanyfacetsofbiologicalevolution
iscovered. Manuscriptsshouldbesenttoeitherofthefollowing:Max K.
Hecht,DepartmentofBiology,QueensCollegeoftheCityUniversity
ofNewYork,Flushing,NewYork11367,orBruceWallace,Department
ofBiology,VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity,Blacks-
burg,Virginia24061. TheeditorswishtocongratulateDr. GhilleanT.
Pranceonhisnew
appointmentatKewBotanicalGardensandthankhimforhiscollabo-
rativeeffortsineditingthepastninevolumes. TheEditors vII Contents
1. MaintenanceofaHereditaryVirus:TheSigmaVirusin
PopulationsofItsHost, Drosophila melanogaster 1 Annie Fleuriet
Introduction 1 FrenchPopulationsof Drosophila melanogaster...2
PolymorphismofPopulations 2
CharacteristicsofWildStrainsoftheSigmaVirus 3
EffectsoftheInfectionuponCarriers...7 ExperimentalPopulations...9
MaintenanceoftheVirusinFrenchNaturalPopulations...12
GeographicalVariationofthe Drosophila-SigmaSystem 14
PolymorphismofPopulations 14 ViralCharacteristics...17
TentativeInterpretationoftheGeographicalPatternObserved 18
OtherSystemsofVerticallyTransmittedViruses 22
ExistenceofDifferentSensitivitiestotheVirus 22
CharacteristicsoftheViruses...23 MaintenanceintheVectorPopulation
24 Appendix:TransmissionofStabilizedandNonstabilized
Conditions...26
Self-MaintenanceofStabilizedConditionthroughMaternal Lineage...26
NonstabilizedCondition ...27 References 28 2.
Domestication:EvolutionaryChangeunderStress 31 M. J. Kohane and P.
A. Parsons Introduction 31 EnvironmentalChangeandDomestication 33
Ix x Contents EcologicalPhenotypes 33 BehavioralPhenotypes...36
AdaptationtoLaboratoryConditions...37
ACaseStudy:DomesticationinFoxes 41 Discussion...43 Summary...45
References 46 3.
RangeExpansionandItsGeneticConsequencesinPopulationsof
theGiantToad, Bufo marinus...49 Simon Easteal Introduction 49
TheSpreadof Bufo marinus 50 TheIntroductions...50
TheAustralianRangeExpansion 52
GeneticVariationintheIntroducedPopulations...58 TheData...58
GeneticVariability...58 EffectivePopulationSize 62
Dispersal,GeneFlow,andNeighborhoodSize 63
TheGeneticEffectsofRangeExpansion 64
GeographicalPatternsofVariation 74 Conclusion 81 References 82 4.
EvolutionbySocialSelection...85 Shozo Yokoyama Introduction 85
ConceptofSocialSelection...86 EvidenceforSocialSelection;...88
MultipleNeurofibromatosis 88 HuntingtonDisease 89
MentalRetardation...90 Schizophrenia 91 SocialSelectionModels...91
AutosomalGenes...92 Contents xl X-LinkedGenes...103
RandomGeneticDriftandVariableSelectionIntensity...112
MaternalEffects 115 DNAPolymorphismandSocialSelection...117
Discussion...118 Summary...121 References 122 5.
TheInfluenceofTaxonomicMethodonthePerceptionofPatterns
ofEvolution...-...127 Andrew B. Smith and Colin Patterson
Introduction 127 TheNatureofTaxa...129
WhyNonmonophyleticGroupsAreNotRealTaxa 131
ParaphyleticTaxaasNaturalAdaptivelyUnifiedGroups. , 131
NonmonophyleticGroupsasValidSamplesof Species-LevelProcesses...132
TheRedQueenHypothesis 134
TaxonDurationIsProportionaltotheNumberofSpecies IncludedintheTaxon
135 TaxonomicExtinctionsunderConsiderationAreLargely Artefactual
139 TheRedQueenasSystematist:TheProbabilityThata
TaxonomistWillSplitaGroupIsInverselyProportional
totheNumberofSpeciesinThatGroup 142
DecreaseinExtinctionRatethroughTime 142 PeriodicityofExtinction 143
GenericDataandLagerstatten 147 SpeciesDiversity 148
WhatDoFossilSpeciesSample? 152 AnalysisofGaps 153 Summary...
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