The Third Republic of France was characterized by weak and
short-term governments. This book is a study of three writers,
Georges Sorel, Maurice Barres, and Charles Maurras, their writings
in the years between 1885 and 1914, and their reactions to the
deficiencies they saw in the Third Republic and in the system of
French democracy. The study begins in 1885 with the appearance of
certain new political factors. It ends in 1914 because the three
writers had by this time completed their original contributions to
the thought of the country, even if not their total impact on
France.
A relative position of each of these figures in the French
political spectrum is deduced from a combination of attitudes
toward a number of issues. These include the extent of economic and
social reform, centralization of the power of the state, the nature
of the parliamentary system, the desirability of political parties,
the relation of Church and State, the responsibility of authority,
the use of force or coercion, and national power versus
international collaboration. Their views span the political
spectrum.
Sorel, Barres, and Maurras are important not only because they
provided the chief ideological weapons for the attack on the regime
but also, in a wider context, because they contribute significantly
to understanding of a later period of European political history.
In their contemporary significance, all three illustrated the
various attitudes of the conservative, the .reactionary, and the
moralist. The names and parties may have changed but the same ideas
continue to impact French politics and western ideology today. This
is a key book for an epoch whose importance lingers in current
discourse.
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