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An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process (Paperback)
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An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process (Paperback)
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Biological nutrient removal (BNR), the removal of nitrogen and
phosphorus from wastewater, is a complex process. Although the
activated sludge process is an efficient technology for the removal
of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids
(TSS), it provides less-than-optimal conditions for the removal of
nitrogen and phosphorus, and presents numerous challenges to the
operator trying to satisfy the many requirements for several
different groups of bacteria. In addition to satisfying the
requirements there are numerous, highly variable operational
conditions that impact BNR. These conditions include: changes in
strength and composition of the wastewater, alkalinity and pH,
temperature, and presence of inhibitory and toxic wastes. Even
fluctuations in flows, especially from inflow and infiltration, can
adversely impact the aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions
needed for successful BNR. Of the three treatment processes,
nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological removal,
nitrification is often the most difficult to achieve. Therefore, a
large portion of this book reviews nitrification. Operators of the
activated sludge process need to understand the basic biological,
chemical, and physical requirements for BNR in order to improve the
performance of these treatment processes. An Operator’s Guide to
Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process
is intended to help operators in the monitoring, troubleshooting,
and process control of BNR. Numerous tables and figures are
included in the book to help the operator understand the biological
and chemical reactions that are involved in BNR processes and how
the reactions can be monitored for process control. Design of BNR
processes is not addressed in this book. Design is addressed in
numerous engineering publications. The book serves to help
operators achieve permit compliance for nitrogen and phosphorus
discharge limits and obtain cost-effective operation.
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