During World War II, the civilian Office of Censorship supervised a
huge and surprisingly successful program of news management: the
voluntary self-censorship of the American press. In January 1942,
censorship codebooks were distributed to all American newspapers,
magazines, and radio stations with the request that journalists
adhere to the guidelines within. Remarkably, over the course of the
war no print journalist, and only one radio journalist, ever
deliberately violated the censorship code after having been made
aware of it and understanding its intent.
"Secrets of Victory" examines the World War II censorship
program and analyzes the reasons for its success. Using archival
sources, including the Office of Censorship's own records, Michael
Sweeney traces the development of news media censorship from a
pressing necessity after the attack on Pearl Harbor to the
centralized yet efficient bureaucracy that persuaded thousands of
journalists to censor themselves for the sake of national security.
At the heart of this often dramatic story is the Office of
Censorship's director Byron Price. A former reporter himself, Price
relied on cooperation with--rather than coercion of--American
journalists in his fight to safeguard the nation's secrets.
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