Philosophy, economics, and decision theory have long been
dominated by the idea that rational choice consists of seeking or
achieving one's own greatest good. "Beyond Optimizing" argues that
our ordinary understanding of practical reason is more complex than
this, and also that optimizing/maximizing views are inadequately
supported by the considerations typically offered in their
favor.
Michael Slote challenges the long-dominant conception of
individual rationality, which has to a large extent shaped the very
way we think about the essential problems and nature of
rationality, morality, and the relations between them. He contests
the accepted view by appealing to a set of real-life examples,
claiming that our intuitive reaction to these examples illustrates
a significant and prevalent, if not always dominant, way of
thinking. Slote argues that common sense recognizes that one can
reach a point where "enough is enough," be satisfied with what one
has, and, hence, rationally decline an optimizing alternative. He
suggests that, in the light of common sense, optimizing behavior is
often irrational. Thus, Slote is not merely describing an
alternative mode of rationality; he is offering a rival theory. And
the numerous parallels he points out between this common-sense
theory of rationality and common-sense morality are then shown to
have important implications for the long-standing disagreement
between commonsense morality and utilitarian consequentialism.
"Beyond Optimizing" is notable for its use of a much richer
vocabulary of criticism than optimizing/maximizing models ever call
upon. And it further argues that recent empirical investigations of
the development of altruism and moral motivation need to be
followed up by psychological studies of how moderation, and
individual rationality more generally, take shape within developing
individuals.
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