Michele Reid-Vazquez reveals the untold story of the strategies
of negotia-tion used by free blacks in the aftermath of the "Year
of the Lash"--a wave of repression in Cuba that had great
implications for the Atlantic World in the next two decades.
At dawn on June 29, 1844, a firing squad in Havana executed ten
accused ringleaders of the Conspiracy of La Escalera, an alleged
plot to abolish slavery and colonial rule in Cuba. The condemned
men represented prominent members of Cuba's free community of
African descent, including the acclaimed poet Placido (Gabriel de
la Concepcion Valdes). In an effort to foster a white majority and
curtail black rebellion, Spanish colonial authorities also
banished, imprisoned, and exiled hundreds of free blacks,
dismantled the militia of color, and accelerated white immigration
projects.
Scholars have debated the existence of the Conspiracy of La
Escalera for over a century, yet little is known about how those
targeted by the violence responded. Drawing on archival material
from Cuba, Mexico, Spain, and the United States, Reid-Vazquez
provides a critical window into under-standing how free people of
color challenged colonial policies of terror and pursued justice on
their own terms using formal and extralegal methods. Whether rooted
in Cuba or cast into the Atlantic World, free men and women of
African descent stretched and broke colonial expectations of their
codes of conduct locally and in exile. Their actions underscored
how black agency, albeit fragmented, worked to destabilize
repression's impact.
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