Curcumin, a yellow edible pigment in turmeric, has been widely used
as a flavor and dye in India and its surrounding countries since
ancient times. In particular, among curcumonoids
(diarylheptanoids), curcumin I, curcumin II, and curcumin III have
been elucidated by many researchers not only in the food area but
also in human health effects. Curcumonoids are roughly classified
into linear-diarylheptanoids and cyclic-diarylheptanoids. In
addition, because there are more glycosides of these two
diarylheptanoids, diarylheptanoids form an enormous derivative.
Both Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 in volume 1 will be discussed
according to the following classification. First, plants containing
diarylheptanoids were alphabetically started from the eyes,
followed by family, genus, and plant name. Chapter 1, at least 9
orders, 12 families and 27 genera are known to contain plant
diarylheptanoids as follows: order Fagales contain the most
versatile 3 families 8 genera including family Betulaceae 5 genera
(Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Corylus and Ostrya), family Myricaceae 2
genera (Morella and Myrica), and family Casuarinaceae 1 genus
(Casuarina). This is followed by order Zingiberales: 1 family 6
genera (Alpinia, Amomum, Curcuma, Hedychium, Renealmia, and
Zingiber) of family Zingiberaceae; order Sapindales: 2 families 3
genera of family Burseraceae 2 genera (Boswellia and Garuga), and
family Sapindaceae 1 genus (Acer); order Juglandales: 2 families 4
genera of Juglandaceae 3 genera (Juglans, Platycarya, and
Pterocarya) and Rhoipteleaceae 1 genus (Rhoiptelea); order Fabales:
1 family Leguminosae 1 genus (Centrolobium); order Dioscoreales: 1
family Dioscoreaceae 2 genera (Dioscorea and Tacca); order Ericale:
1 family Actinidiaceae 1 genus (Clematoclethra); order Gentiales: 1
family Rubiaceae 1 genus (Pyrostria); and order Santalales: 1
family Santalaceae 1 genus (Viscum), respectively. In Chapter 2, at
least 2 orders, 3 families and 3 genera are known to contain
seaweed diarylheptanoids as follows: order Alismatales: 2 families
2 genera of family Cymodoceaceae 1 genus (Cymodoceaceae) and family
Zosteraceae 1 genus (Zostera); and order Poecilosclerida.1 family
Tedaniidae 1 genus (Tedania), respectively. Chapter 3, biological
activity of diarylheptanoids were typically described as follows:
Leishmanicidal and antiprotozoal activities, antitumor activities,
anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibitory on nitric oxide
production. Chapter 4, some selective extractions of curcumin was
discussed.
General
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