Curcumin, which is contained in turmeric in India and surrounding
areas, has been widely used for colorants such as curry for
thousands of years. Recent studies of curcuminn have reported that
curcumin is effective in preventing and treating lifestyle-related
diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, dementia, liver disease,
heart failure and eye strain. This volume contains the following
contents: In Chapter 1, curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane
is a primary and essential constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa)
rhizomes with numerous biological activities. Curcumin was
established to benefit in the treatment of inflammatory conditions,
metabolic syndrome, pain as well as in controlling inflammatory and
degenerative eye conditions including cancers. In addition,
curcumin aided in the control of ailments associated with kidneys.
These numerous therapeutic benefits of curcumin supplementation
were accredited to its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
effects. Some of these activities by curcumin were attributed
through its interference with aberrant cellular signaling pathways
that resulted in many diseases such as cancer, arthritis and other
inflammatory diseases. In recent times curcumin is available in
multiple formulations including capsules, cosmetics, energy drinks,
ointments, soaps and tablets. Curcumin was approved by the US Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) as "Generally Recognized As Safe"
(GRAS) and curcumin excellent tolerability and safety were
established through clinical trials, even at relative high doses.
Since 4000 years, turmeric has been used to treat a variety of
ailments. Turmeric is used in religious ceremonies as well as
textile dyeing owing to its vibrant orange color. In Ayurveda and
Chinese traditional medicine (CTM), turmeric is often expended as
anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of digestive and liver
ailments, skin diseases including wounds. Turmeric has been
consumed in different forms in various countries due to curcumin
beneficial effects. In USA, turmeric is used in mustard sauce,
cheese, butter, and chips, as a preservative and a coloring agent.
In Chapter 2, Curcuma longa L. belongs to the ginger family. It is
widely cultivated and distributed in South and Southeast Asia.
Besides gastronomic uses, Curcuma is one of the main plants used
throughout the folklore medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha,
and Chinese medicine. To date, traditional medicinal treatments
have been increasing worldwide to treat common diseases. Therefore,
this chapter focused on the curcuma's essential oil beneficial
properties. The antifungal and antibacterial activities of
curcuma's essential oil are highly important due to become natural
methods to prevent food deterioration and extend shelf life caused
by Aspergillus, Fusarium or Colletotrichum genus. Moreover,
Curcuma's essential oil exhibits antimicrobial activities against
pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger that cause diverse
infections in humankind. According to these properties, Curcuma's
essential oil may be an ecofriendly alternative to produce
antimicrobial and anti-fungicides agents with important industrial
applications. Chapter 3, flavanones are one of the most diverse and
widespread group belongs to the subclass of flavanoids. They
contain hydroxyl and methoxy groups and occupy a prominent position
in the plant kingdom due to the wide variety of multi-directional
pharmacological properties. The discovery of vital molecules by
isolation and synthesis of natural products from medicinal plants
has always been a challenge in the field of natural products
chemistry. Syzygium samarangense is a famous plant belongs to the
family Myrtaceae and widely cultivated and grown thought out India
for their edible fruits. Then, here, one of the family Myrtaceae
contains diarylheptanoids (curcuminoids). Then, Chapter 3 reviews
the isolation and semisynthesis of typical biocomponents other than
diarylheptanoids (curcuminoids) for Syzygium samarangense (water
apple. wax apple), a family Myrtaceae. The fruit pulp and leaves of
water apple is a rich source of phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids,
chalcones, tannins, and several antioxidant compounds and as a
result, it is believed to have great potential health benefits and
is used in traditional medicine to cure diabetes. Syzygium
samarangense was reported to posses antidiabetic activity,
antihyperglycemic activity, spasmolytic, antioxidant, and
immunomodulatory activity. Basing on the excellent pharmacological
properties of Syzygium samarangense, we have selected the stem bark
of Syzygium samarangense, extracted with different organic
solvents, subjected to acid hydrolysis and then purified by using
preparative HPLC. 7-Hydroxy flavanone was isolated and then
subjected to semi synthesis by using different substituted
isoxazoles and cinnamic acid. The present chapter discusses the
isolation of 7-hydroxy flavanone from the stem bark of Syzygium
samarangense and also explored the facile synthesis of
7-hydroxyflavanone with isoxazoles and cinnamic acids.
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