Following the collapse of Reconstruction in 1877, African
Americans organized a movement in the South for economic and
political reform: Black Populism. Between 1886 and 1900, tens of
thousands of black farmers, sharecroppers, and agrarian workers
created their own organizations and tactics primarily under black
leadership.
Growing out of the networks established by black churches and
fraternal organizations, Black Populism found further expression in
the Colored Agricultural Wheels, the southern branch of the Knights
of Labor, the Cooperative Workers of America, the Farmers Union,
and the Colored Farmers' Alliance. In the early 1890s African
Americans, together with their white counterparts, launched the
People's Party and ran fusion campaigns with the Republican Party.
By the turn of the century, Black Populism was crushed by
relentless attack, hostile propaganda, and targeted assassinations
of leaders and foot soldiers of the movement. The movement's legacy
remains, though, as the largest independent black political
movement until the rise of the modern civil rights movement.
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