This book is a study of Islamic architecture in Anatolia following
the Mongol conquest in 1243. Complex shifts in rule, movements of
population, and cultural transformations took place that affected
architecture on multiple levels. Beginning with the Mongol conquest
of Anatolia, and ending with the demise of the Ilkhanid Empire,
centered in Iran, in the 1330s, this book considers how the
integration of Anatolia into the Mongol world system transformed
architecture and patronage in the region. Traditionally, this
period has been studied within the larger narrative of a
progression from Seljuk to Ottoman rule and architecture, in a
historiography that privileges Turkish national identity. Once
Anatolia is studied within the framework of the Mongol Empire,
however, the region no longer appears as an isolated case; rather
it is integrated into a broader context beyond the modern borders
of Turkey, Iran, and the Caucasus republics. The monuments built
during this period served a number of purposes: mosques were places
of prayer and congregation, madrasas were used to teach Islamic law
and theology, and caravanserais secured trade routes for merchants
and travelers. This study analyzes architecture on multiple,
overlapping levels, based on a detailed observation of the
monuments. The layers of information extracted from the monuments
themselves, from written sources in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish,
and from historical photographs, shape an image of Islamic
architecture in medieval Anatolia that reflects the complexities of
this frontier region. New patrons emerged, craftsmen migrated
between neighboring regions, and the use of locally available
materials fostered the transformation of designs in ways that are
closely tied to specific places. Starting from these sources, this
book untangles the intertwined narratives of architecture, history,
and religion to provide a broader understanding of frontier culture
in the medieval Middle East, with its complex interaction of local,
regional, and trans-regional identities.
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