This volume explores the implications of humans as evolved social
animals. Gilbert suggests that evolution has given rise to a varied
set of social competencies which form the basis of our personal
knowledge and understanding. These competencies are classified as:
a) Care eliciting b) Care giving c) Co?operating and d) Competing.
Each of these are seen as core schemata, or archetypal potentials
around which knowledge is built, and from which, our propensity for
suffering flow. For example our predisposition to think of
ourselves as superior or inferior to others comes from innate
competencies which evolve from dominance and social ranking.
Gilbert shows how primitive competencies become modified by
experience and what happens when this modification is
unsatisfactory, for example leading to preoccupations with fantasy
and behaviour which is dominance and power focused. Throughout the
text Gilbert shows how two psychological systems (derived from
ethological and experimental work), labelled the defense and safety
system dominate the unfolding and integration of human mental life.
In the last chapter these varied themes are brought together to
indicate how the social construction of self arises from the
organization of knowledge encoded within the four competencies.
Gilbert highlights how cultural factors may modify and activate
many of our more primitive competencies leading not only to
pathology proneness but also to behaviours that are collectively
survival threatening.
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