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The Wealth of Anglo-Saxon England (Hardcover)
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The Wealth of Anglo-Saxon England (Hardcover)
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How did the Anglo-Saxons obtain the treasure that tempted Vikings
to raid England frequently in the ninth century and again between
980 and 1018? As Britain then had no gold mine and its lead mines
yielded very little silver, this treasure must have been imported.
Some may have been given, but most was obtained by trade. Until the
ninth century the main source was Francia where there was a lively
demand for English produce. Cross Channel trade flourished, much of
it passing through the major ports, or wics, that developed in the
seventh century. The rapid decline of this trade in the ninth
century was caused, not by the Vikings, but by a general shortage
of new silver in western Europe after c. 850, reflected in the
debasement of the Frankish and Anglo-Saxon coinages. Silver was,
however, imported to England by the Danes who settled there in the
late ninth century. A very important source of new silver was
discovered in the 960s in Germany. This led to a rapid expansion of
the German economy that created a demand for raw materials and food
from England. Very soon England's towns expanded and its trade,
internal and external, grew. Its new wealth attracted Vikings, but
trade continued and, although they extracted a great deal of
silver, new supplies from Germany enabled the English to maintain
their currency. Recent studies have shown that it grew to a peak
under Edward the Confessor. This confirms the evidence of Domesday
Book that on the eve of the Norman Conquest England was a very
rich, highly urbanized, kingdom with a large, well-controlled
coinage of high quality. This coinage, and Domesday Book itself,
are indeed good evidence that English government was then
remarkably effective. Peter Sawyer offers an account of the ways
wealth was accumulated and the forms it took in Anglo-Saxon
England, with emphasis on recent developments in the study of
Anglo-Saxon coins and Domesday Book, and some of their surprising
results.
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