Not a dictionary, not an etymology, not a guide to contemporary
usage, this unusual study of the social and linguistic origins of
"keywords" evolved, belatedly, from Williams' seminal
interdisciplinary Culture and Society (1956). Williams argues that
the nexus of meanings of Art, Industry, Materialism, Civilization,
Community, Nature, Alienation, et al., carries within it latent
ways of seeing, i.e., political, professional, or class values.
Vocabulary is neither fixed nor neutral; barley or barn may be
simple and exact terms, but words which involve abstractions or
ideas are inescapably colored by ideology. Culture itself is
perhaps the most key keyword of all and Williams painstakingly
traces its intricate historical metamorphosis from husbandry to
human development to social organization, citing shifts of meaning
from Milton to Herder to contemporary anthropology. He
differentiates his brand of historical semantics from objective
idealism or the currently voguish non-historical (synchronic)
structuralism. His little essays take off from Latin and Greek
roots, various intellectual or academic disciplines, or literary
and scientific coinages. He aims not at resolution of semantic
ambiguities but at "that extra edge of consciousness." In his
exploration of language, Williams gets at dynamics and nuances
generally encountered only in free-wheeling compilations of slang.
(Kirkus Reviews)
Raymond Williams' seminal exploration of the history of meaning of
some of the most important words in the English language. First
published in 1976, and expanded in 1983, KEYWORDS reveals how the
meanings of 131 words - including 'art', 'class', 'family',
'media', 'sex' and 'tradition' - were formed and subsequently
altered and redefined as the historical contexts in which they were
used changed. Neither a defining dictionary or glossary, KEYWORDS
is rather a brilliant investigation into how the meanings of some
of the most important words in the English language have shifted
over time, and the forces that brought about those shifts.
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