Avian Influenza has become one of the biggest threats for human and
animal health. The old paradigm was that the disease in waterfowl,
poultry, pigs and man was caused by separate viruses that each
stayed reasonably well within their own niche. The only danger to
man was considered being infected by pigs, being the mixing vessel,
where avian and human influenza viruses could come together and
exchange genetic material to form new viruses that are potentially
dangerous to man.
This has dramatically proven wrong during the last decade, with
huge outbreaks in the USA, Europe, and Asia. The H5N1 strain that
caused human deaths in Hong Kong appeared to be transmitted
directly from poultry to man. This initiated sudden awareness that
pigs were not a necessary intermediate in the transmission chain.
During the AI outbreaks in Italy, mutation of low-pathogenicity
viruses into high-pathogenicity viruses in poultry appeared another
new threat, and further evidence that the poultry sector had a wolf
in sheepa (TM)s clothing. It put pressure on development of
diagnostic methods that could be used in large monitoring
programmes.
In The Netherlands a human fatality, after increased reports of
conjunctivitis during a H7N7 outbreak, signalled that different AI
strains could be fatal to man. Also, the huge economic losses and
difficulties in controlling the spread of the infection in densely
populated poultry areas, problems with vaccination and lack of
marker vaccines demonstrated that the current control policy must
be improved. These events led to an international AI conference
with experts from Asia, USA and Europe.
In this book you will find new views on the issues, expert
opinions andthe results of in-depth discussions among avian experts
of around the world that do not want to give up against this
dangerous virus.
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