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Books > Social sciences > Politics & government > Political activism > Revolutions & coups
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The Polish Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1788-1792 - A Political History (Hardcover)
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The Polish Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1788-1792 - A Political History (Hardcover)
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The Polish Revolution cast off the Russian hegemony that had kept
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth impotent for most of the
eighteenth century. Before being overthrown by the armies of
Catherine the Great, the Four Years' Parliament of 1788-92 passed
wide-ranging reforms, culminating in Europe's first written
constitution on 3 May 1791.
In some respects its policies towards the Catholic Church of both
rites (Latin and Ruthenian) were more radical than those of Joseph
II, and comparable to some of those adopted in the early stages of
the French Revolution. Policies included taxation of the Catholic
clergy at more than double the rate of the lay nobility, the
confiscation of episcopal estates, the equalization of dioceses,
and controversial concessions to Orthodoxy. But the monastic clergy
escaped almost unscathed. A method of explaining political
decisions in a republican polity is developed in order to show how
and why the Commonwealth went to the verge of schism with Rome in
1789-90, before drawing back. Pope Pius VI could then bless the
'mild revolution' of 3 May 1791, which Poland's clergy and monarch
presented to the nobility as a miracle of Divine Providence. The
stresses would be eclipsed by dechristianization in France, the
dismemberment of the Commonwealth, and subsequent incarnations of
unity between the Catholic Church and the Polish nation.
Probing both 'high politics' and political culture', Richard
Butterwick draws on diplomatic and political correspondence,
speeches, pamphlets, sermons, pastoral letters, proclamations,
records of local assemblies, and other sources to explore a
volatile relationship between altar, throne, and nobility at the
end of Europe's Ancien Regime.
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