From the founding of the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE to the present,
the Chinese have been preoccupied with the concept of order
("zhi"). This cultural preoccupation has found expression not only
in China s highly refined bureaucratic institutions and methods of
social and economic organization but also in Chinese philosophy,
religious and secular ritual, and a number of comprehensive systems
for classifying every form of human achievement, as well as all
natural and supernatural phenomena. Richard J. Smith s "Mapping
China and Managing the World" focuses on several crucial devices
employed by the Chinese for understanding and ordering their vast
and variegated world, which they saw as encompassing "all under
Heaven."
The book begins with discussions of how the ancient work known
as the "Yijing" (Classic of Changes) and maps of "the world" became
two prominent means by which the Chinese in imperial times (221 BCE
to 1912) managed space and time. Smith goes on to show how ritual
("li") served as a powerful tool for overcoming disorder,
structuring Chinese society, and maintaining dynastic legitimacy.
He then develops the idea that just as the Chinese classics and
histories ordered the past, and ritual ordered the present, so
divination ordered the future. The book concludes by emphasizing
the enduring relevance of the "Yijing" in Chinese intellectual and
cultural life as well as its place in the history of Sino-foreign
interactions.
This selection of essays by one of the foremost scholars of
Chinese intellectual and cultural history will be welcomed by
Chinese and East Asian historians, as well as those interested more
broadly in the cultures of, and interactions between, China and
East Asia.
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