The third volume of this invaluable sourcebook covers three main
subject areas. First, the metaphysics of Aristotle's logical works:
the concepts of universal and particular underwent surprising
transformations in this period, which gave rise to debates, still
raging today, on personal survival after an interruption such as
death. Second, logic in a more conventional sense: perhaps the most
impressive debate was on the existence of the subject in singular
and universal statements. There was also debate about the very
different Aristotelian and Stoic conceptions of syllogism, of modal
logic, of induction, of the nature of mathematics, and of
philosophy of language. Third, the higher metaphysics of the
Neoplatonists taught Augustine, and indirectly Descartes, to look
for truth within themselves. The Neoplatonists struggled with the
question whether our higher intellectual selves have distinct
individuality, and thus they fed both sides in the great medieval
debate between Aquinas and the followers of Averroes on individual
human immortality. All sources appear in English translation and
are carefully linked and cross-referenced by editorial comment and
explanation. Bibliographies are provided throughout.
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