Over the past hundred years, population policy has been a powerful
tactic for achieving national goals. Whether the focus has been on
increasing the birth rate to project strength and promote
nation-building-as in Brazil in the 1960s, where the military
government insisted that a "powerful nation meant a populous
nation, " - or on limiting population through contraception and
sterilization as a means of combatting overpopulation, poverty, and
various other social ills, states have always used women's bodies
as a political resource. In Reproductive States, a group of
international scholars-specialists in population and reproductive
politics of Japan, Germany, India, Egypt, Nigeria, China, Brazil,
the Soviet Union/Russia, and the United States-explore the
population politics, policies and practices adopted in these
countries and offer reflections on the outcomes of those policies
and their legacies. The essays in this volume focus on the context
that stimulated nations to develop demographic imperatives
regarding population size and "quality," and consider how those
imperatives became unique sets of priorities and strategies. They
also illuminate how these nations crafted their own policies and
practices, often while responding to United Nations- and U.S.-
driven population goals, tactics, and interventions. The global
perspective of this volume shines light on national specificities,
including change over time within a nation, while also capturing
interconnections among various national politics and discourses,
including evolving constructions of the key and complex concept of
"overpopulation." The first volume to survey population policies
from key countries on five continents and to interweave gender
politics, reproductive rights, statecraft, and world systems,
Reproductive States will be an essential work for scholars of
anthropology, women and gender studies, feminist theory, and
biopolitics.
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