Offering a fresh, revisionist analysis of Spanish fiction from 1900
to 1940, this study examines the work of both men and women writers
and how they practiced differing forms of modernism. As Roberta
Johnson notes, Spanish male novelists emphasized technical and
verbal innovation in representing the contents of an individual
consciousness and thus were more modernist in the usual
understanding of the term. Female writers, on the other hand, were
less aesthetically innovative but engaged in a social modernism
that focused on domestic issues, gender roles, and relations
between the sexes. Compared to the more conventional--even
reactionary--ways their male counterparts treated such matters,
Spanish women's fiction in the first half of the twentieth century
was often revolutionary.
The book begins by tracing the history of public discourse on
gender from the 1890s through the 1930s, a discourse that included
the rise of feminism. Each chapter then analyzes works by female
and male novelists that address key issues related to gender and
nationalism: the concept of intrahistoria, or an essential Spanish
soul; modernist uses of figures from the Spanish literary
tradition, notably Don Quixote and Don Juan; biological theories of
gender prevalent in the 1920s and 1930s; and the growth of an
organized feminist movement that coincided with the burgeoning
Republican movement.
This is the first book dealing with this period of Spanish
literature to consider women novelists, such as Maria Martinez
Sierra, Carmen de Burgos, and Concha Espina, alongside canonical
male novelists, including Miguel de Unamuno, Ramon del
Valle-Inclan, and Pio Baroja. With its contrasting conceptions of
modernism, Johnson's work provides a compelling new model for
bridging the gender divide in the study of Spanish fiction.
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