Why did the industrial revolution take place in eighteenth-century
Britain and not elsewhere in Europe or Asia? In this convincing new
account Robert Allen argues that the British industrial revolution
was a successful response to the global economy of the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries. He shows that in Britain wages were high
and capital and energy cheap in comparison to other countries in
Europe and Asia. As a result, the breakthrough technologies of the
industrial revolution - the steam engine, the cotton mill, and the
substitution of coal for wood in metal production - were uniquely
profitable to invent and use in Britain. The high wage economy of
pre-industrial Britain also fostered industrial development since
more people could afford schooling and apprenticeships. It was only
when British engineers made these new technologies more
cost-effective during the nineteenth century that the industrial
revolution would spread around the world.
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