Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Life sciences: general issues > Bio-ethics
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The Ethics Police? - The Struggle to Make Human Research Safe (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R1,215
Discovery Miles 12 150
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The Ethics Police? - The Struggle to Make Human Research Safe (Hardcover)
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Research on human beings saves countless lives, but has at times
harmed the participants. To what degree then should government
regulate science, and how? The horrors of Nazi concentration camp
experiments and the egregious Tuskegee syphilis study led the US
government, in 1974, to establish Research Ethics Committees, known
as Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to oversee research on
humans. The US now has over 4,000 IRBs, which examine yearly tens
of billions of dollars of research - all studies on people
involving diseases, from cancer to autism, and behavior. Yet
ethical violations persist. At the same time, critics have
increasingly attacked these committees for delaying or blocking
important studies. Partly, science is changing, and the current
system has not kept up. Since the regulations were first conceived
40 years ago, research has burgeoned 30-fold. Studies often now
include not a single university, but multiple institutions, and 40
separate IRBs thus need to approve a single project. One committee
might approve a study quickly, while others require major changes,
altering the scientific design, and making the comparison of data
between sites difficult. Crucial dilemmas thus emerge of whether
the current system should be changed, and if so, how. Yet we must
first understand the status quo to know how to improve it.
Unfortunately, these committees operate behind closed doors, and
have received relatively little in-depth investigation. Robert
Klitzman thus interviewed 45 IRB leaders and members about how they
make decisions. What he heard consistently surprised him. This book
reveals what Klitzman learned, providing rare glimpses into the
conflicts and complexities these individuals face, defining
science, assessing possible future risks and benefits of studies,
and deciding how much to trust researchers - illuminating, more
broadly, how we view and interpret ethics in our lives today, and
perceive and use power. These committees reflect many of the most
vital tensions of our time - concerning science and human values,
individual freedom, government control, and industry greed.
Ultimately, as patients, scientists, or subjects, the decisions of
these men and women affect us all.
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