Through the study of civil society, the evolution of social
relations, and the breakdown of social order, Order and Anarchy
re-examines the role of violence in human social evolution. Drawing
on anthropology, political science, and evolutionary theory, it
offers a novel approach to understanding stability and instability
in human society. Robert Layton provides a radical critique of
current concepts of civil society, arguing that rational action is
characteristic of all human societies and not unique to
post-Enlightenment Europe. Case studies range from ephemeral
African gold rush communities and the night club scene in Britain
to stable hunter-gatherer and peasant cultures. The dynamics of
recent civil wars in the former Yugoslavia, Chad, Somalia and
Indonesia are compared to war in small-scale tribal societies,
arguing that recent claims for the evolutionary value of violence
have misunderstood the complexity of human strategies and the
social environments in which they are played out.
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