Juvenile court has elicited the interest and criticism of
lawyers, social workers, and criminologists, but less attention
from sociologists. This book adds to growing sociological
literature on the operations of legal institutions. It describes
some critical aspects of the functioning of the juvenile court, an
institution charged with judging and treating delinquents. To this
end, it analyzes the nature of the court operation, the handling of
delinquents, and the court's functions in relation to the wider
social and legal system.
This study reflects two distinct sociological heritages. First,
it presents an institutional analysis of a juvenile court. One
basic component of such an analysis involves description of the
social context within which the juvenile court functions. In this
way this book considers the nature of the court's relations with
the various local institutions in its working environment and the
consequences of these relations for its internal operations.
Second, this study grows out of the current societal reaction
approach to deviance. This approach views deviance as the product
of the response of official agents of social control to perceived
norm violations: "deviance" involves acts and actors reacted to and
labeled as such, usually by these officials. In line with this
general perspective, this study seeks to shed light on some of the
processes by which youths come to be identified and officially
labeled "delinquents" changing the legal and social status of those
accused of wrongdoing.
This study focuses on how a particular legal institution
defines, reacts to and deals with the cases brought to its
attention, whatever the inherent biases of this sample and whatever
the ultimate consequences for youths so handled. It describes the
processes that produce differential case outcomes-- outcomes
whereby some delinquents emerge from their court encounter firmly
identified as future criminals, while others escape unharmed, not
regarded as "really" delinquent despite the formal adjudication to
this effect.
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