Between 1936 and 1938, some 3,000 young Americans sailed to
France and crossed the Pyrenees to take part in the brutal civil
war raging in Spain. Virtually all joined the International
Brigades, formed under the auspices of the Soviet-led Comintern and
largely directed by Communists. Yet a large number were not
Communists; their activism was inspired by domestic and
international crises of the 1930s, and colored by idealism.
The men who went to Spain came out of a radical subculture that
emerged from the Depression and the New Deal. Th is radicalism was
a native plant, but it was nourished from abroad. In the thirties
the menace of fascism seemed to be spreading like cancer across
Europe, giving an international aspect to many domestic problems in
the United States. To intellectuals, students, unionists, liberals,
and leftists, the threat of fascism was so real that many came to
believe that if it was not stopped in Spain, eventually they would
have to take up arms against fascism at home.
To understand the Americans who fought in the Spanish Civil War
it is necessary to bury some of the shibboleths of cold war years.
Dissidence in the United States occurs in response to perceptions
of reality on this side of the Atlantic, not because of the wishes
of men in the Soviet Union. Th e members of the Lincoln Battalion
were genuine products of America, and their story is properly a
page in American military and political history. From them, one can
learn much about the world of the 1930s and perhaps even something
about the potential of modern man for thought and action in time of
crisis.
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