The Romans first set military foot on Greek soil in 229 BCE; only
sixty or so years later it was all over, and shortly thereafter
Greece became one of the first provinces of the emerging Roman
Empire. It was an incredible journey - a swift, brutal, and
determined conquest of the land to whose art, philosophy, and
culture the Romans owed so much. Rome found the eastern
Mediterranean divided, in an unstable balance of power, between
three great kingdoms - the three Hellenistic kingdoms that had
survived and flourished after the wars of Alexander the Great's
Successors: Macedon, Egypt, and Syria. Internal troubles took Egypt
more or less out of the picture, but the other two were reduced by
Rome. Having established itself, by its defeat of Carthage, as the
sole superpower in the western Mediterranean, Rome then
systematically went about doing the same in the east, until the
entire Mediterranean was under her control. Apart from the
thrilling military action, the story of the Roman conquest of
Greece is central to the story of Rome itself and the empire it
created. As Robin Waterfield shows, the Romans developed a highly
sophisticated method of dominance by remote control over the Greeks
of the eastern Mediterranean - the cheap option of using authority
and diplomacy to keep order rather than standing armies. And it is
a story that raises a number of fascinating questions about Rome,
her empire, and her civilization. For instance, to what extent was
the Roman conquest a planned and deliberate policy? What was it
about Roman culture that gave it such a will for conquest? And what
was the effect on Roman intellectual and artistic culture, on their
very identity, of their entanglement with an older Greek
civilization, which the Romans themselves recognized as supreme?
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