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Digital Control Systems - Volume 2: Stochastic Control, Multivariable Control, Adaptive Control, Applications (Paperback, 2nd ed. 1991. Softcover reprint of the original 2nd ed. 1991)
Loot Price: R2,481
Discovery Miles 24 810
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Digital Control Systems - Volume 2: Stochastic Control, Multivariable Control, Adaptive Control, Applications (Paperback, 2nd ed. 1991. Softcover reprint of the original 2nd ed. 1991)
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Total price: R2,501
Discovery Miles: 25 010
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The great advances made in large-scale integration of
semiconductors and the resulting cost-effective digital processors
and data storage devices determine the present development of
automation. The application of digital techniques to process
automation started in about 1960, when the first process computer
was installed. From about 1970 process computers with cathodic ray
tube display have become standard equipment for larger automation
systems. Until about 1980 the annual increase of process computers
was about 20 to 30%. The cost of hardware has already then shown a
tendency to decrease, whereas the relative cost of user software
has tended to increase. Because of the high total cost the first
phase of digital process automation is characterized by the
centralization of many functions in a single (though sometimes in
several) process computer. Application was mainly restricted to
medium and large processes. Because of the far-reaching
consequences of a breakdown in the central computer parallel
standby computers or parallel back-up systems had to be provided.
This meant a substantial increase in cost. The tendency to overload
the capacity and software problems caused further difficulties. In
1971 the first microprocessors were marketed which, together with
large-scale integrated semiconductor memory units and input/output
modules, can be assem bled into cost-effective microcomputers.
These microcomputers differ from process computers in fewer but
higher integrated modules and in the adaptability of their hardware
and software to specialized, less comprehensive tasks."
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