Background InformationRetrieval (IR) has become, mainly as
aresultofthe huge impact of the World Wide Web (WWW) and CD-ROM
industry, one of the most important theoretical and practical
research topics in Information and Computer Science. Since the
inception ofits first theoretical roots about 40 years ago, IR has
made avariety ofpractical, experimental and technological advances.
It is usually defined as being concerned with the organisation,
storage, retrieval and evaluation of information (stored in
computer databases) that is likely to be relevant to users'
informationneeds (expressed in queries). A huge number ofarticles
published in specialisedjournals and at conferences (such as, for
example, the Journal of the American Society for Information
Science, Information Processing and Management, The Computer
Journal, Information Retrieval, Journal of Documentation, ACM TOIS,
ACM SIGIR Conferences, etc. ) deal with many different aspects of
IR. A number of books have also been written about IR, for example:
van Rijsbergen, 1979; Salton and McGill, 1983; Korfhage, 1997;
Kowalski, 1997;Baeza-Yates and Ribeiro-Neto, 1999; etc. . IR is
typically divided and presented in a structure (models, data
structures, algorithms, indexing, evaluation, human-eomputer
interaction, digital libraries, WWW-related aspects, and so on)
thatreflects its interdisciplinarynature. All theoretical and
practical research in IR is ultimately based on a few basic models
(or types) which have been elaborated over time. Every model has a
formal (mathematical, algorithmic, logical) description of some
sort, and these decriptions are scattered all over the literature.
General
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