Zea mays (a C4 plant) can withstand high sulfur dioxide
concentrations up to 12.0 ppm without any harmful effects. Visible
injury symptoms appear only after exposure to sulfur dioxide
concentrations beyond 12.0 ppm. The pigments, proteins, amino acids
and starch decrease after exposure to higher concentrations of
sulfur dioxide. The free sugars, however, increase in response to
sulfur dioxide exposure. The activity of PEP - carboxylase is
inhibited non -competitively with respect to substrates, PEP and
Mg2+ but it is competitive with HCO3-.The high affinity of the
enzyme for HCO3- renders the replacement by sulfur dioxide more
difficult which results in decreased sensitivity towards sulfur
dioxide. NADP - malate dehydrogenase is inhibited uncompetitively
with respect to OAA and non - competitively with respect to NADPH.
The low inhibitory effect of sulfur dioxide on the enzymes is
indicated by high Ki values.In case of NADP - malic enzyme, sulfur
dioxide shows a non - competitive inhibition with respect to NADP+
but a competitive one with respect to Mg2+. With respect to malate,
the inhibition is partially competitive.
General
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