In biological system the generation of free radicals is a normal
phenomenon. Sometimes these free radicals are generated in such an
amount that the body's defense mechanism is not able to remove them
and as a result stress is developed in the body. This process is
called as the oxidative stress and may be defined as a shift in the
prooxidant- antioxidant balance towards the oxidants or
peroxidants. The free radicals are the chemical species which have
unpaired electrons and are thus very unstable and reactive. In
order to attain stability they react with their neighboring atoms
to gain the electrons and as a result new free radicals are
generated, which in turn attack the other nearby molecules causing
a cascade of reactions. Aerobic organisms use oxygen to oxidize
food and obtain the energy, a phenomenon essential for their
sustenance. But during this oxidation process the oxygen molecule
itself get reduced and form an intermediate called as the reactive
oxygen species (ROS). The intermediates that are formed during the
oxidizing process are hydro peroxide radicals (HO2), Superoxide
radicals (O2-), Hydrogen peroxide radicals (H2O2) and hydroxyl
radicals (OH )."
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