Hardly anything in psychology is as irking as the trait concept.
Psychologists and laypersons alike use primarily adjective
trait-names to characterize and even concep tualize the individuals
they encounter. There are more than a hundred well-defined
personality traits and a great many questionnaires for their
assessment, some of which are designed to assess the same or very
similar traits. Little is known about their ontogenetic development
and even less about their underlying dynamics. Psy choanalytic
theory was invoked for explaining the psychodynamics underlying a
few personality traits without, however, presenting sufficient
empirical evidence for the validity of these interpretations. In a
reductionistic vein, behaviorally inclined psy chologists have
propounded the thesis that all traits are acquired behaviors. Yet,
this view neither reduces the number of personality tests nor
explains the resistance of traits to modification by means of
reward and punishment. Dissatisfied with these and some other less
well-known approaches to person ality traits, we decided to explore
whether applying our psychosemantic theory of cognition to the
trait concept would do better. The way we had to follow was
anything but easy."
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