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Intestinal Immune System (Paperback)
Loot Price: R1,129
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Intestinal Immune System (Paperback)
Series: Colloquium Series on Integrated Systems Physiology
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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In the intestine, a unique immunological system that is different
from the systemic immune system exists to provide adaptive immunity
in response to luminal bacteria and dietary antigens. There are
many lymphoid cell aggregates called gut-associated lymphoid tissue
(GALT) including Peyer's patches (PPs), which function as important
induction sites for the mucosal immune response. M-cells are
present in the epithelium of PPs, having a specialized structure
for uptake of macromolecules such as bacteria. In addition to GALT,
there are abundant lymphoid cells in the intestinal lamina propria,
where they mainly play a role as immune effector cells. A strong
innate immune system that mainly consists of dendritic cells,
macrophages, and T lymphocytes also exists in the intestinal mucosa
to assist the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells. The
intestinal mucosa thus shows a unique morphological structure with
many immune cells being present under physiological conditions.
This condition is known as "controlled inflammation." These
abundant immune cells also have characteristic functions: they are
"negatively regulated" and have been educated not to overreact
unnecessarily to the intestinal luminal milieu. Main players that
control inflammation of the intestinal mucosa include regulatory
cytokines and regulatory T cells which induce oral tolerance to
intestinal bacteria and food antigens, and the secretory IgA
system. The maintenance of unique immunological activity in the
intestine is also related to an organized, orchestrated lymphocyte
migratory mechanism called the "common mucosal immune system."
These negative regulatory mechanisms of the intestinal immune
system are disturbed in certain disease conditions, causing the
immunocompetent cells to respond to food components and commensal
bacteria by becoming activated and to overproduce inflammatory
cytokines and chemokines. These disease conditions include food
allergies, such as celiac disease, and the inflammatory bowel
diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, although
their exact etiological mechanisms remain to be revealed. Table of
Contents: Introduction / GALT: Its Structure and Formation /
Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Their Immune Function / Innate
Immunity in the Intestinal Mucosa / Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
(IELs) / Lymphoid Cell Trafficking in Intestinal Immunology / Site
of Induction of Mucosal Immunity and Antigen Presentation by
Dendritic Cells / Production of Secretory IgA (SIgA) / Effector
Site of Acquired Immunity and T Helper Cell Subpopulation / Immune
Regulatory System and Oral Tolerance / Food Allergy and Celiac
Disease / Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Enteric Infection with
Pathogenic Microbes and Mucosal Immunity / References
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