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Drug Smuggler Nation - Narcotics and the Netherlands, 1920-1995 (Hardcover)
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Drug Smuggler Nation - Narcotics and the Netherlands, 1920-1995 (Hardcover)
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Why did the international drug regulatory regime of the twentieth
century fail to stop an explosive increase in trade and consumption
of illegal drugs? This study investigates the histories of
smugglers and criminal entrepreneurs in the Netherlands who
succeeded in turning the country into the so-called 'Colombia of
Europe' or, 'the international drug supermarket'. Increasing state
regulations and interventions led to the proliferation of a 'hydra'
of small, anarchic groups and networks ideally suited to circumvent
the enforcement of regulation. Networks of smugglers and suppliers
of heroin, cocaine, cannabis, XTC, and other drugs were organized
without a strict formal hierarchy and based on personal relations
and cultural affinities rather than on institutional arrangements.
These networks created a thriving underground industry of illegal
synthetic drug laboratories and indoor cannabis cultivation in the
Netherlands itself. Their operations were made possible and
developed because of the deep historical social and cultural
'embeddedness' of criminal anarchy in Dutch society. Using examples
from the rich history of drug smuggling, Drug smuggler nation
investigates the deeper and hidden grounds of the illegal drug
trade, and its effects on our drug policies. -- .
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