GorbacheV's reforms in domestic and foreign policy were
motivated by the overriding objective of making Soviet socialism a
legitimate and viable alternative among the world community of
nations. Drawing on recently opened archives, this study examines
the radicalization of GorbacheV's reforms and the resistance to
them from the conservatives in the party apparat and the military.
Gorbachev sought to demilitarize the Soviet Union from the
beginning but that process took on a more revolutionary hue as he
came to understand how deeply embedded Stalinism was. He sought to
continue where Lenin had left off, believing that Stalin had
sidetracked and deformed Soviet socialism. Toward this end,
Gorbachev redefined the image of the enemy by emphasizing common
human values in international relations over class conflict, and
altered the nature of the threat by stressing the primacy of
economic over military competition. Gorbachev changed the terms of
political discourse, and by changing the way in which the Soviet
Union viewed the world, he sought to make improvements in relations
with the West and to decrease the military burden of his
overstretched country.
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