This paper treats a two-echelon inventory system. The higher
echelon is a single location reffered to as the depot, which places
orders for supply of a single com modity. The lower echelon
consists of several points, called the retailers, which are
supplied by shipments from the depot, and at which random demands
for the item occur. Stocks are reviewed and decisions are made
periodically. Orders and/or shipments may each require a fixed lead
time before reaching their respective desti nations. Section II
gives a short literature review of distribution research. Section
III introduces the multi-echelon distribution system together with
the underlying as sumptions and gives a description of how this
problem can be viewed as a Markovian Decision Process. Section IV
discusses the concept of cost modifications in a distribution
context. Section V presents the test-examples together with their
optimal solutions and also gives the characteristic properties of
these optimal solutions. These properties then will be used in
section VI to give adapted ver sions of various heuristics which
were used in assembly experiments previously and which will be
tested against the test-examples."
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