There is no doubt that the field of artificial membrane transport
using synthetic ionophores has advanced remarkably in the past 15
years due primarily to the synthesis of new ionophores. Even though
the theoretical framework substantially predated this activity, the
merging of theory with transport experiment has often been sketchy.
The purpose of this outline has been to examine key examples to
illustrate the underlying principles and to suggest how
experimental variables dominate the results obtained. To a very
good approximation the assumption of a "diffusion" regime is often
justified, is easily confirmed experimentally and provides a clear
framework for exploitation of the inherent selectivity of a given
ionophore. Thus for synthetic chemists who wish a "quick and nasty"
experiment to examine the question of selectivity, the recipe is
clear: a mixture containing all ions of interest in a standard
experiment for each ligand of interest using a moderately stirred
(100-200 rpm) cell and analysis of the mixture produced on the OUT
side of the cell at a fixed, small extent of transport. Together
with duplicates and controls, this modest set of experiments will
place the results on an unambiguous footing from which clear
conclusions about each ionophore's characteristics are readily
obtained. For those with more detailed interests in the transport
process the demands are correspondingly higher.
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