The study of birth defects has assumed an importance even greater
now than in the past because mortality rates attributed to
congenital anomalies have declined far less than those for other
causes of death, such as infectious and nutritional diseases. It is
estimated that as many as 50% of all pregnancies terminate as
miscarriages. In the majority of cases this is the result of faulty
development. Major congenital malformations are found in at least
2% of all liveborn infants, and 22% of all stillbirths and infant
deaths are associated with severe congenital anomalies.
Teratological studies of an experimental nature are neither ethical
nor justifiable in humans. Numerous investigations have been
carried out in laboratory animals and other experimental models in
order to improve our understanding of abnormal intra-uterine
development. In less than two decades the field of experimental
teratology has advanced phenomenally. As a result of the wide range
of information that is now accumulating, it has become possible to
obtain an insight into the causes, mechanisms and prevention of
birth defects. However, considerable work will be needed before
these problems can be resolved. This book brings together some of
the more recent and important research findings related to the
mechanisms and pathogenesis of abnormal develop ment. It is not
only a documentation of the latest experimental work, but it also
points out future directions that seem productive and challenging."
General
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