Recently, wireless LAN standards have emerged in the market.
Those standards operate in various frequency ranges. To reduce
component count, it is of importance to design a multi-mode
frequency synthesizer that serves all wireless LAN standards
including 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g standards. With different
specifications for those standards, designing integer-based
phase-locked loop frequency synthesizers can not be achieved.
Fractional-N frequency synthesizers offer the solution required for
a common multi-mode local oscillator. Those fractional-N
synthesizers are based on delta-sigma modulators which in
combination with a divider yield the fractional division required
for the desired frequency of interest.
In CMOS Single Chip Fast Frequency Hopping Synthesizers for
Wireless Multi-Gigahertz Applications, the authors outline detailed
design methodology for fast frequency hopping synthesizers for RF
and wireless communications applications. Great emphasis on
fractional-N delta-sigma based phase locked loops from
specifications, system analysis and architecture planning to
circuit design and silicon implementation.
The book describes an efficient design and characterization
methodology that has been developed to study loop trade-offs in
both open and close loop modelling techniques. This is based on a
simulation platform that incorporates both behavioral models and
measured/simulated sub-blocks of the chosen frequency synthesizer.
The platform predicts accurately the phase noise, spurious and
switching performance of the final design. Therefore excellent
phase noise and spurious performance can be achieved while meeting
all the specified requirements. The design methodology reduces the
need for silicon re-spin enabling circuit designers to directly
meet cost, performance and schedule milestones.
The developed knowledge and techniques have been used in the
successful design and implementation of two high speed multi-mode
fractional-N frequency synthesizers for the IEEE 801.11a/b/g
standards. Both synthesizer designs are described in details.
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