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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Western philosophy > Ancient Western philosophy to c 500
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The Development of Ethics - Three volume set (Multiple copy pack)
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The Development of Ethics - Three volume set (Multiple copy pack)
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The Development of Ethics is a selective historical and critical
study of moral philosophy in the Socratic tradition, with special
attention to Aristotelian naturalism, its formation, elaboration,
criticism, and defence. This three-volume set discusses the main
topics of moral philosophy as they have developed historically,
including: the human good, human nature, justice, friendship, and
morality; the methods of moral inquiry; the virtues and their
connections; will, freedom, and responsibility; reason and emotion;
relativism, subjectivism, and realism; the theological aspect of
morality.
Volume 1 examines ancient and medieval philosophy up to the
sixteenth century, beginning with Socrates, the Cyrenaics and
Cynics, Plato, and then Aristotle. Terence Irwin compares the Stoic
position with the Aristotelian at some length; Epicureans and
Sceptics are discussed more briefly. Chapters on early Christianity
and on Augustine introduce a fuller examination of Aquinas'
revision, elaboration, and defence of Aristotelian naturalism. The
volume closes with an account of some criticisms of the
Aristotelian outlook by Scotus, Ockham, Machiavelli, and some
sixteenth-century Reformers.
Volume 2 examines early modern moral philosophy from the sixteenth
to the eighteenth century, and explores Suarez's interpretation of
Scholastic moral philosophy, seventeenth- and eighteenth-century
responses to the Scholastic outlook, and the treatments of natural
law by Grotius, Hobbes, Cumberland, and Pufendorf. Disputes about
moral facts, moral judgments, and moral motivation, are traced
through Cudworth, Clarke, Balguy, Hutcheson, Hume, Price, and Reid.
Butler's defence of a naturalist account of morality is examined
and compared with the Aristotelian and Scholastic views discussed
in Volume 1. The volume ends with a survey of the persistence of
voluntarism in English moral philosophy, and a brief discussion of
the contrasts and connexions between Rousseau and earlier views on
natural law.
Volume 3 continues the story up to Rawls's Theory of Justice, and
takes the comparison between the Kantian and the Aristotelian
outlook as a central theme. The chapters on Kant compare Kant both
with his rationalist and empiricist predecessors and with the
Aristotelian naturalist tradition. Reactions to Kant are traced
through Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Kierkegaard.
Utilitarian and idealist approaches to Kantian and Aristotelian
views are traced through Sidgwick, Bradley, and Green. Mill and
Sidgwick provide a link between eighteenth-century rationalism and
sentimentalism and the twentieth-century debates in the metaphysics
and epistemology of morality. These debates are explored in Moore,
Ross, Stevenson, Hare, C.I. Lewis, Heidegger, and in some more
recent meta-ethical discussion. This volume concludes with a
discussion of Rawls, with special emphasis on a comparison of his
position with utilitarianism, intuitionism, Kantianism, naturalism,
and idealism.
Since these volumes seek to be not only descriptive and exegetical,
but also philosophical, they discuss the comparative merits of
different views, the difficulties that they raise, and how some of
the difficulties might be resolved. Irwin presents the leading
moral philosophers of the past as participants in a rational
discussion in which the contemporary reader can participate.
General
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