The development of radioimmunoassay (RIA) by R.S. Yalow and S.A.
Berson in 1959 opens up a new avenue in ultra sensitive analysis of
trace substances in complex biological systems. In recognition of
the enormous contributions of RIA to basic research in biology and
to routine clinical tests in laboratory medicine, R.S. Yalow, the
co-developer of RIA, was awarded, in 1977, the Nobel Prize for
Medicine and Physiology. The basic principle of RIA is elegantly
simple. It is based on a specific, competitive binding reaction
between the analyte and the radio-labeled analog of the analyte for
the specific antibody raised to the analyte. The combination of
high specificity and affinity of an antibody molecule makes it a
very versatile analytical reagent capable of reacting specifically
with analytes at a very low concentration in a complex solution
such as serum. The sensitivity of RIA is provided by using a
radioactive tracer."
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