"Modernismo" (1880s-1920s) is considered one of the most
groundbreaking literary movements in Hispanic history, as it
transformed literature in Spanish to an extent not seen since the
Renaissance. As Alejandro Mejias-Lopez demonstrates, however,
"modernismo" was also groundbreaking in another, more radical way:
it was the first time a postcolonial literature took over the
literary field of the former European metropolis.
Expanding Bourdieu's concepts of cultural field and symbolic
capital beyond national boundaries, "The Inverted Conquest" shows
how" modernismo" originated in Latin America and traveled to Spain,
where it provoked a complete renovation of Spanish letters and
contributed to a national identity crisis. In the process,
described by Latin American writers as a reversal of colonial
relations, "modernismo" wrested literary and cultural authority
away from Spain, moving the cultural center of the Hispanic world
to the Americas.
Mejias-Lopez further reveals how Spanish American "modernistas"
confronted the racial supremacist claims and homogenizing force of
an Anglo-American modernity that defined the Hispanic as un-modern.
Constructing a new Hispanic genealogy, "modernistas" wrote Spain as
the birthplace of modernity and themselves as the true bearers of
the modern spirit, moved by the pursuit of knowledge,
cosmopolitanism, and cultural miscegenation, rather than
technology, consumption, and scientific theories of racial
purity.
Bound by the intrinsic limits of neocolonial and postcolonial
theories, scholarship has been unwilling or unable to explore
"modernismo's" profound implications for our understanding of
Western modernities.
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