Volume 38 opens on 1 July 1802, when Jefferson is in Washington,
and closes on 12 November, when he is again there. For the last
week of July and all of August and September, he resides at
Monticello. Frequent correspondence with his heads of department
and two visits with Secretary of State James Madison, however, keep
the president abreast of matters of state. Upon learning in August
of the declaration of war by Mawlay Sulayman, the sultan of
Morocco, much of the president's and the cabinet's attention is
focused on that issue, as they struggle to balance American
diplomatic efforts with reliance on the country's naval power in
the Mediterranean. Jefferson terms the sultan's actions "palpably
against reason." In September, he addresses the concerns of the
mayor of New York City and the governor of South Carolina that free
blacks expelled from Guadeloupe by the French will be landed onto
American shores. Although he believes the matter will be dealt with
by the states, he also instructs Secretary of the Treasury Albert
Gallatin to direct custom house officers to be watchful. In late
August, Jefferson is alerted that he has been touched by the
"breath of Slander," when James T. Callender's accusations appear
in the Richmond "Recorder" and make public his relationship with
Sally Hemings. The president offers no comment, and a month later
returns to Washington, where he continues planning for an impending
visit by his daughters.
General
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