Volume 19, covering the final critical weeks of the First
Congress, reveals Washington and Jefferson in the closest and most
confidential relationship that existed at any time during their
official careers. It opens with the proclamation announcing the
exact location of the Federal District, an unexplained choice made
in the utmost secrecy by the President in consultation with the
Secretary of State some weeks before Washington toured the upper
Potomac in an ostensible journey to inspect rival sites and to
encourage competition for the location of the national capital. It
includes the politically related question of the chartering of the
Bank of the United States, on which Jefferson delivered his famous
opinion challenging its constitutionality.
But the conflict with Hamilton over the Bank, important as it
was, did not bring the two men on the public stage as contestants.
Instead, the first focusing of public attention on the breach in
the administration occurred with the publication of Jefferson's
report on the whale and cod fisheries. This widely disseminated
report is here presented in a context showing that, after Hamilton
declined to cooperate in reciprocating the favors France had
granted to American trade, Jefferson deliberately and publicly
challenged the Hamiltonian opposition. In unusually blunt language,
his report called for commercial retaliation against Great Britain,
thus causing a sensation both in the ... ministry.
This volume shows Jefferson's concern over the growing
discontent in the South and West over fiscal and other policies of
the national government, his resistance to interested promotion of
consular appointments in business circles, his grappling with the
political and constitutional questions concerning the admission of
Kentucky and Vermont, his involvement in the political consequences
of the death of Franklin that affected even the proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society, his cautious relationship with
Tench Coxe as a source of statistical information which the
Secretary of the Treasury failed to supply, and his report to
Washington on a judicial appointment that brought on both
embarrassment and constitutional questions. Once Congress had
dispersed, Jefferson was able to turn his attention to
long-neglected private concerns and to the correspondence that gave
him most satisfaction, that with the family at Monticello.
General
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