In exploring the special nature of alliances among democracies,
Thomas Risse-Kappen argues that the West European and Canadian
allies exerted greater influence on American foreign policy during
the Cold War than most analysts assume. In so doing, he challenges
traditional alliance theories that emphasize strategic interactions
and power-based bargaining processes. For a better understanding of
the transatlantic relationship, the author proposes that we instead
turn to liberal theories of international affairs. Accordingly,
liberal democracies are likely to form the "pacific federations"
described by Immanuel Kant or "pluralistic security communities" as
Karl W. Deutsch suggested.
Through detailed case studies, Risse-Kappen shows that the
Europeans affected security decisions concerning vital U.S.
interest during the 1950-1953 Korean war, the 1958-1963 test ban
negotiations, and the 1962 Cuban missile crisis--all during a span
of time in which the U.S. enjoyed undisputed economic and military
supremacy in the alliance. He situates these case studies within a
theoretical framework demonstrating that the European influence on
decision-making processes in Washington worked through three
mechanisms: norms prescribing timely consultations among the
allies, use of domestic pressures for leverage in transatlantic
interactions, and transnational and transgovernmental coalitions
among societal and bureaucratic actors. The book's findings have
important repercussions for the post-Cold War era in that they
suggest the transatlantic security community is likely to survive
the end of the Soviet threat.
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