Harle focuses on the perennial issue of social order by
providing a comparative analysis of ideas on social order in the
classical Chinese political philosophy, the Indian epic and
political literature, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, the classical Greek
and Roman political thought, and early Christianity. His analysis
is based on the religious, political, and literary texts that
represent their respective civilizations as both their major
achievements and sources of shared values.
Harle maintains that two major approaches to establishing and
maintaining social order exist in all levels and types of social
relations: moral principles and political power. According to the
principle-oriented approaches, social order will prevail if and
when people follow strict moral principles. According to the
contending power-oriented approach, orderly relations can only be
based on the application of power by the ruler over the ruled. The
principle-oriented approaches introduce a comprehensive civil
society of individuals; the power-oriented approaches give major
roles to the city-state, its government and relationships between
them. The question of morality can be recognized also within the
power-oriented approaches which either submit politics to morality
or maintain that politics must be taken as nothing else than
politics. This book is a contribution to peace and international
studies as well as political theory and international
relations.
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