Silicon Valley and the industrial districts of Italy, where shared
identity, superior skills, regional specialization and trust-based
networking among local firms have produced dynamic and flexible
ecosystems, are inspiring examples of the successful promotion of
thriving technology and business clusters. Cluster studies, besides
acknowledging (the potential of) concentration and spill-overs in a
dynamic network of larger companies and new start-up firms, also
pay attention to the importance of investors, universities and
other supportive institutions that contribute to the international
and longer-term competitiveness of local industry clusters.
This book looks at why certain regions are successful in
creating an innovative technology cluster (with chapters on Silicon
Valley and the Italian Food districts) and why aspiring communities
and districts seek to learn from those examples and create an
internationally successful region or sector (with chapters on the
Dutch Biopartner program to stimulate entrepreneurship in the life
sciences, on high-tech Israel and on the Italian Slow Food
Movement). In some cases internationally renowned universities
and/or research laboratories inspire engineers and scientists to
become entrepreneurs and take the lead in cluster development (e.g.
in the chapters on Food Valley Wageningen, the Knowledge Pearl
Leuven-Flanders and the Scandinavian Oresund cluster). In other
cases indigenous flagship firms, collaborating with each other and
outsourcing many activities to smaller companies, may act as a
regiona (TM)s catalyst (e.g. in the chapters on Flanders Vegetable
Valley, the Dutch horticultural industry and the Defence
Diversification Agency in theUK). Chapters on North Carolinaa (TM)s
Research Triangle Park and the recent initiative to stimulate
innovativeness in East Netherlands show that also an active
government can stimulate emerging clusters by making local
resources and funds available (e.g. risk capital, high-quality
infrastructure), attracting foreign firms to invest and building
ties between the private sector, knowledge institutions and local
authorities.
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