Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble prohormones, the two major
forms of which are vitamin D2 (or ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3
(or cholecalciferol). Vitamin D obtained from sun exposure, food,
and supplements, is biologically inert and must undergo two
hydroxylation reactions to be activated in the body. Calcitriol is
the active form of vitamin D found in the body. Its major role is
to increase the flow of calcium into the bloodstream, by promoting
absorption of calcium and phosphorus from food in the intestines,
and reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys. It is also necessary
for bone growth and bone remodelling by osteoblasts and
osteoclasts. This book examines the biochemical components of
vitamin D and the nutritional benefits it offers the human body.
General
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