Using the continuum of interface-induced gap states (IFIGS) as a
unifying theme, Monch explains the band-structure lineup at all
types of semiconductor interfaces. These intrinsic IFIGS are the
wave-function tails of electron states, which overlap a
semiconductor band-gap exactly at the interface, so they originate
from the quantum-mechanical tunnel effect. He shows that a more
chemical view relates the IFIGS to the partial ionic character of
the covalent interface-bonds and that the charge transfer across
the interface may be modeled by generalizing Pauling's
electronegativity concept. The IFIGS-and-electronegativity theory
is used to quantitatively explain the barrier heights and band
offsets of well-characterized Schottky contacts and semiconductor
heterostructures, respectively."
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