Praxiology deals with doing and working from the point of view
of effectiveness. It has three components: analysis of concepts
involving purposive actions; critique of models of action from the
viewpoint of efficiency; and normative advisory aspects in
recommendations for increasing human efficiency. This fourth volume
of the Praxiology series is devoted to the very special topic of
social agency. It focuses on two important praxiological concepts:
rationality and preparation as preconditions for human action to be
effective and efficient.
The question of efficiency was raised by Anatol Rapoport over
three decades ago in his lecture to the audience at the
Praxiological Seminar in Warsaw in 1961. Social Agency begins with
an article written by this same famous scholar on the topic of
decision theory, "Social Dilemmas: A Historical Overview." Social
dilemmas is the subject of the first part of this volume, a
question related to studies on human action guided by two types of
rationality: individual and collective rationality. The
intersection of the two, in which individuals meet collectives,
creates the situation in which social agency emerges, generating
dilemmatic circumstances for the actors involved.
The articles collected in the second part explore praxiological
dimensions of education aimed toward the knowledge society, because
of knowledge possessed and produced by educated persons. Chapters
and contributors to volume 4 include: "Five Questions on the
Research on Social Dilemmas" by Marek K. Mlicki; "Psychological
Processes Underlying Cooperation in Social Dilemmas" by Paul A. M.
Van Lange and David M. Messick; "Designing a System for Design
Learning: Designers and/or Learners?" by Arne Collen; "Creating an
Evolutionary Image of New Systems of Learning and Human
Development" by Janet A. Khan; and "A Study Program Design in
Retrospect" by Stig C. Holmberg. Social Agency continues the trend
of original research done in a little-known, but important area.
Social scientists, policymakers, and educators will benefit from
this work.
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