This is the first comprehensive study of the turbulent
relationship among state, society, and church in the making of the
modern German welfare system during the Weimar Republic. Young-Sun
Hong examines the competing conceptions of poverty, citizenship,
family, and authority held by the state bureaucracy, socialists,
bourgeois feminists, and the major religious and humanitarian
welfare organizations. She shows how these conceptions reflected
and generated bitter conflict in German society. And she argues
that this conflict undermined parliamentary government within the
welfare sector in a way that paralleled the crisis of the entire
Weimar political system and created a situation in which the Nazi
critique of republican "welfare" could acquire broad political
resonance.
The book begins by tracing the transformation of Germany's
traditional, disciplinary poor-relief programs into a modern,
bureaucratized and professionalized social welfare system. It then
shows how, in the second half of the republic, attempts by both
public and voluntary welfare organizations to reduce social
insecurity by rationalizing working-class family life and
reproduction alienated welfare reformers and recipients alike from
both the welfare system and the Republic itself. Hong concludes
that, in the welfare sector, the most direct continuity between the
republican welfare system and the social policies of Nazi Germany
is to be found not in the pathologies of progressive social
engineering, but rather in the rejection of the moral and political
foundations of the republican welfare system by eugenic welfare
reformers and their Nazi supporters.
Originally published in 1998.
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