The phrase "in-the-wild" is becoming popular again in the field of
human-computer interaction (HCI), describing approaches to HCI
research and accounts of user experience phenomena that differ from
those derived from other lab-based methods. The phrase first came
to the forefront 20-25 years ago when anthropologists Jean Lave
(1988), Lucy Suchman (1987), and Ed Hutchins (1995) began writing
about cognition being in-the-wild. Today, it is used more broadly
to refer to research that seeks to understand new technology
interventions in everyday living. A reason for its resurgence in
contemporary HCI is an acknowledgment that so much technology is
now embedded and used in our everyday lives. Researchers have begun
following suit-decamping from their usability and living labs and
moving into the wild; carrying out in-situ development and
engagement, sampling experiences, and probing people in their homes
and on the streets. The aim of this book is to examine what this
new direction entails and what it means for HCI theory, practice,
and design. The focus is on the insights, demands and concerns. But
how does research in the wild differ from the other applied
approaches in interaction design, such as contextual design, action
research, or ethnography? What is added by labeling user research
as being in-the-wild? One main difference is where the research
starts and ends: unlike user-centered, and more specifically,
ethnographic approaches which typically begin by observing existing
practices and then suggesting general design implications or system
requirements, in-the-wild approaches create and evaluate new
technologies and experiences in situ(Rogers, 2012). Moreover, novel
technologies are often developed to augment people, places, and
settings, without necessarily designing them for specific user
needs. There has also been a shift in design thinking. Instead of
developing solutions that fit in with existing practices,
researchers are experimenting with new technological possibilities
that can change and even disrupt behavior. Opportunities are
created, interventions installed, and different ways of behaving
are encouraged. A key concern is how people react, change and
integrate these in their everyday lives. This book outlines the
emergence and development of research in the wild. It is structured
around a framework for conceptualizing and bringing together the
different strands. It covers approaches, methods, case studies, and
outcomes. Finally, it notes that there is more in the wild research
in HCI than usability and other kinds of user studies in HCI and
what the implications of this are for the field.
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